IR infrared sensor with Arduino – How does work IR infrared sensor

Hello guys, Welcome back to my blog. We described the PIR(Motion) sensor in the previous post. Today we are going to talk about the IR sensor modules in this post. This sensor is the most important for making robots. I promise to present those projects in the next articles.

What is the IR sensor?

An IR sensor is a sensor that can take values ​​using IR rays. This is done by reflecting IR rays. It includes two IR LEDs.One IR LED emits IR rays while the other IR LEDs receive IR rays. These IR rays are invisible to our eyes. If you want to see these IR rays, look through a camera. These IR sensors can be used for two functions. It is used to identify black and white and also to identify an obstacle. This sensor is mainly used to make line-following robots. These sensors have a reflection distance of 1mm to 25mm and up to 30 degrees. We can change this distance using the preset controller. There are different types of these sensors in the market. But both of these sensors do the same thing. Also, these sensors are available to you at very low prices in the market. 

1st Sensor type

This sensor has four pins. The DO pin of the sensor returns a digital value and the AO pin returns an analog value. If you want to change the sensing range, do so with the preset control.

The PIN structure of this sensor

So, let’s learn how to connect this sensor with Arduino step by step. The required components are given below. 

Disclosure: These Amazon links are Affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

Step 1

Firstly, identify these components.

Step 2

Secondly, place these components on the breadboard.

Step 3

Thirdly, connect these components to the Arduino UNO board. For that, use the circuit diagram below.

The DO pin of the IR sensor connects the D2 pin on the Arduino board and the AO pin connects the A0 pin on the Arduino board. Connect the two LED bulbs and the buzzer with the D2, D3, and D4 pins on the Arduino board. Connect all cathode pins to the GND pin on the Arduino.

Step 4

Now, copy and paste the following program to the Arduino IDE.

  • The complete program of this project – Download
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);//enable serial monitor
  pinMode(2, INPUT);//define arduino pin
  pinMode(3, OUTPUT);//define arduino pin
  pinMode(4, OUTPUT);//define arduino pin
  pinMode(5, OUTPUT);//define arduino pin
}

void loop() {
  balckwhite();//Identification of black and white
  obstacle();//Identification obstacles.

}
void balckwhite() {
  bool led = digitalRead(2);
  if (led == 0) {
    Serial.println("White");
    digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  } else {
    Serial.println("Black");
    digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  }
}
void obstacle() {
  int buzzer = analogRead(A0);
  if (buzzer <= 80) {
    digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
    Serial.println("Buzzer on");
  } else {
    digitalWrite(5, LOW);
    Serial.println("Buzzer off");
  }
}

This code sets the 2nd pin as the input pin and the 3,4,5 pin as the output pin.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);//enable serial monitor
  pinMode(2, INPUT);//define arduino pin
  pinMode(3, OUTPUT);//define arduino pin
  pinMode(4, OUTPUT);//define arduino pin
  pinMode(5, OUTPUT);//define arduino pin
}

This code takes the digital value and puts it into the Boolean variable. The Boolean variable is named ‘led’. This value is checked using the IF condition. When the digital value is 0, the green LED  bulb turns on and when the digital value is 1, the yellow LED bulb turns on.

void balckwhite() {
  bool led = digitalRead(2);
  if (led == 0) {
    Serial.println("White");
    digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  } else {
    Serial.println("Black");
    digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  }
}

This code takes the analog value and it put into the integer variable. The integer variable is named “buzzer”. This value is checked using the IF condition. If the analog value is less than or equal to 80, the buzzer turns on.

void obstacle() {
  int buzzer = analogRead(A0);
  if (buzzer <= 80) {
    digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
    Serial.println("Buzzer on");
  } else {
    digitalWrite(5, LOW);
    Serial.println("Buzzer off");
  }
}

Step 5

Now, select the board and port. After, click the upload button.

You can test it using a black-and-white surface. The full video guide is given below.

IR infrared sensor with Arduino – How does work IR infrared sensor

2nd sensor type

Ok, let’s see how to use another type of IR sensor with Arduino.

The PIN structure of this sensor

So, step by step we will learn how to connect this sensor with Arduino. For that, the required components are given below.

Disclosure: These Amazon links are Affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

    Step 1

    Firstly, identify these components.

    Step 2

    Attach the components to your breadboard.

    Step 3

    Connect these components to your Arduino board using the jumper wires. Do it according to the circuit diagram below.

    Connect the sensor OUT pin to the Arduino board D2 pin and connect the LED anode pin to the D3 pin.

    Step 4

    Now, copy and paste the following program to the Arduino IDE.

    • The complete program of this project – Download
    void setup() {
  pinMode(2, INPUT);//define arduino pin
  pinMode(3, OUTPUT);//define arduino pin
  Serial.begin(9600);//enable serial monitor
}
void loop() {
  bool value = digitalRead(2);//get value and save it boolean veriable
  if (value == 1) { //check condition
    Serial.println("ON");//print serial monitor ON
    digitalWrite(3,HIGH);//LED on
  } else {
    Serial.println("OFF");//print serial monitor OFF
    digitalWrite(3,LOW);//LED off
  }
}

    This code sets 2 pins as input pins and 3 pins as output pins.

    void setup() {
  pinMode(2, INPUT);//define arduino pin
  pinMode(3, OUTPUT);//define arduino pin
  Serial.begin(9600);//enable serial monitor
}

    Takes the digital value and puts it into the Boolean variable. The Boolean variable is named ‘value’.

    bool value = digitalRead(2);//get value and save it boolean veriable

    This value is checked using the IF condition. When the digital value is 1, the LED  bulb turns on and when the digital value is 0, the LED bulb turns off.

     if (value == 1) { //check condition
    Serial.println("ON");//print serial monitor ON
    digitalWrite(3,HIGH);//LED on
  } else {
    Serial.println("OFF");//print serial monitor OFF
    digitalWrite(3,LOW);//LED off
  }

    Step 5

    Now, select the board and port. After, click the upload button.

    So, now you can test this sensor. The full video guide is given below.

    IR infrared sensor with Arduino – How does work IR infrared sensor

    3rd sensor type

    This sensor includes three pins. Also, we can get a digital value through this sensor. This sensor can also be used to detect black and white as well as obstacles. Also, we can control the sensing range using the potentiometer on this sensor.

    The PIN diagram of this sensor

    So, step by step we will learn how to connect this sensor with Arduino. For that, the required components are given below.

    Disclosure: These Amazon links are Affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

    Step 1

    Firstly, identify these components.

    Step 2

    Secondly, connect these components. For that, use the circuit diagram below.

    Step 3

    Thirdly, we will create the required program for this. It is as follows.

    • The complete program of this project – Download
    /*Line tracking sensor tutorial.
 *This code created by the SriTu Hobby team.
 * https://srituhobby.com
 */
 
#define Sensor 2
#define Buzzer 3
#define Red 4
#define Green 5
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(Sensor, INPUT);
  pinMode(Buzzer, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Green, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Red, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
  bool value = digitalRead(Sensor);
  Serial.println(value);
 
  if (value == 0) {
    digitalWrite(Buzzer, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Green, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Red, LOW);
  } else if (value == 1) {
    digitalWrite(Buzzer, LOW);
    digitalWrite(Green, LOW);
    digitalWrite(Red, HIGH);
  }
}

    Code explanation

    Firstly, this code defines the sensor, LED, and buzzer-connected pins.

    #define Sensor 2
#define Buzzer 3
#define Red 4
#define Green 5

    Secondly, this code sets the sensor pin as the input pin and the buzzer, LED pin as the output pin.

    void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(Sensor, INPUT);
  pinMode(Buzzer, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Green, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Red, OUTPUT);
}

    In the loop function, the sensor values are taken and put into the Boolean variable. After, these values are then checked using the IF condition. Then if the value is 0, the buzzer and green LED bulb will be activated. If the value is 1, the red LED bulb will be activated.

    void loop() {
  bool value = digitalRead(Sensor);
  Serial.println(value);
 
  if (value == 0) {
    digitalWrite(Buzzer, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Green, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(Red, LOW);
  } else if (value == 1) {
    digitalWrite(Buzzer, LOW);
    digitalWrite(Green, LOW);
    digitalWrite(Red, HIGH);
  }
}

    Step 4

    Lastly, select the board and port. Afterward, upload this code.

    OK, now you can test this sensor. For that, use a black and white surface. The full video guide is given below. So, we will meet in the next tutorial. Have a good day.

    IR infrared sensor with Arduino – How does work IR infrared sensor.

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